Sun protection for children

What it is

Children's skin is thinner and more sensitive to sunlight. Sun protection habits learned early last a lifetime.

How it works

Children's skin is thinner and they spend more time outdoors, so sun damage accumulates early.

Why it matters on darker skin

Darker skin rarely burns but can still be damaged and develop dark patches. Midday sun in Nigeria is intense year round.

Causes and triggers

Midday sun, school breaks, beach outings.

What helps — and why it works

Shade and clothing come first: hats, light long sleeves and sunglasses. For children over 6 months, apply a fragrance-free, broad-spectrum SPF 30+ sunscreen to exposed skin and reapply after swimming or sweating. Plan outdoor play outside the strongest sun hours where possible. Offer plenty of water. Shade and clothing first: best protection. Expected timeline: immediate. SPF 30+ mineral sunscreen from 6 months: protects exposed skin. Expected timeline: each outing. Hats and sunglasses: protect face and eyes. Expected timeline: immediate.

What to avoid and why

Avoid sunscreen on babies under 6 months (keep them in shade), spray sunscreens near the face, and adult tinted or fragranced products.

Common mistakes

• Sunscreen on babies under 6 months (use shade).
• Missing ears and neck.

Caring for children's skin

Children's skin is thinner, loses water faster and absorbs more of what is applied to it relative to body size, so simpler is safer. For most children a short lukewarm bath, a fragrance-free soap substitute and a plain emollient are all that is needed, plus shade, clothing and sunscreen from six months of age. Avoid adult products, essential oils, antiseptics in bath water, bleaching or 'toning' creams, and cosmetic treatments such as relaxers and gel nails. Medicines and medicated creams should be used only as a doctor, nurse or pharmacist advises, and in children Melanin & Me does not offer photo checks: a clinician should see the child. Trust your instincts as a parent: a child who is unusually sleepy, floppy, not feeding, breathing fast or has a rash that does not fade when pressed with a glass needs urgent care. Keep a simple record — photos and dates — of rashes that come and go, as this helps the doctor.

Products, medicines and when to worry

When choosing products for children, look for fragrance-free formulas with short ingredient lists, and avoid adult acne, anti-ageing or lightening products, essential oils and talc. Medicated creams — including steroid creams, antifungals and antibiotics — are safe and helpful when prescribed for the right condition and used for the right length of time, but mixed creams sold over the counter can contain strong steroids that are unsafe for children. Sunscreen is suitable from six months of age; younger babies should be kept in the shade and covered. Do not give medicines intended for adults, and ask a pharmacist about the right medicine for a child's age and weight. Seek urgent care for any rash with fever and a very unwell child, a rash that does not fade under a glass, swelling of the face or lips, or blistering of the mouth or eyes.

Questions to ask your doctor or pharmacist

Useful questions include: What do you think is causing this? Is it likely to come back, and how can I prevent it? Which products should I stop? How long before I should expect improvement, and when should I come back if it isn't better? Are there side effects to watch for? Is this treatment safe if I am pregnant, breastfeeding or for my child? Writing your questions down, bringing your products (or photos of their labels) and taking dated photos of the problem make an appointment much more useful.